The Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Leadership Practices Research Paper

The Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Leadership Practices in the Hotel Industry - Research Paper Example The widespread globalization of the universal market has caused huge development in the decent variety of worker socioeconomics. So as to stay aware of the developing requests for quality and advancement, numerous associations have figured new administration styles that advance relationship among the workforce (Gould, 2008). With the point of deciding appropriate administration styles, different examinations have been directed on worker socioeconomics and how it influences the presentation of an association (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). There are a few administration styles that have its points of interest and impediments. Such administration styles address explicit focal points inside the workforce. Nonetheless, better comprehension must be earned so as to appropriately force the executives programs that best suits the requirements of an organization and its subordinates. Besides, it is important to see how to take out or if nothing else limit the negative impacts of social contrasts inside the workforce through legitimate administration procedures. The impacts of social contrasts among the workforce have made associations endure as far as execution. Segregation has additionally risen up out of such developing representative assorted variety (Appleby, 2007). It has become a need for associations to react to such issues through powerful administration programs (Sfodera, 2006). In addition, the consequences of this examination would be of incredible incentive to lodging the board officials, empowering them to settle on better choices in their administration rehearses. Basically, the administration is the center to the effective exhibition of an association (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). ... Exploration Objectives 1) To decide inn employees’ impression of the authority styles rehearsed inside their association; 2) To find out whether segment characteristics impact initiative style discernments a) sex b) age c) nationality d) instructive achievement; 3) To advance proposals for improving administration rehearses inside the inn. Audit of Related Literature Management Styles In the wide sense, the executives styles are the way and procedures of taking care of subordinates and settling on choices with them. There are different administration styles that fit well specifically conditions (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). In addition, directors ought to force diverse administration styles so as to make up for the shortcomings of each method. Among the normal administration styles are Autocratic, Paternalistic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire, and Management by Walking Around (MBWA) Autocratic The Autocratic style is the place a chief settles on one-sided choices without giving a lot of thought for the subordinates. This outcomes to choices and results that mirror the character and assessment of the supervisor. Such administration style extends a sure, organized and very much oversaw business. In any case, the subordinates may wind up getting excessively reliant on the supervisor; along these lines, requiring more oversight (Hurley, 2010). Absolutist pioneers could be additionally arranged into two kinds: the Directive Autocrat; and the Permissive Autocrat (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). The Directive Autocrat settles on choices singularly while giving a lot of consideration and close oversight of the subordinates. Then again, the Permissive Autocrat settles on one-sided choices while being progressively indulgent on the subordinates, which empowers them to

Cameron Auto Parts Case Study Essay Example For Students

Cameron Auto Parts Case Study Essay The primary buyers were the Big Three car producers and the organization succeeded in this new business condition In 2000, issues began to happen in the organization _ First, a subsequent drop of the deals of over half occurred. Second, the Japanese were incredible contenders and made the most of the market openings in Canada. Alex took the control in 2001 so as to actualize a procedure of modernization of the organization. His activity endurance comprises Of cutting the creation costs by being increasingly immersed on the workforce (predominantly lay-offs). In spite of the fact that is it hard to deal with a money related issue, Cameron confronted genuine holes in this capacity. In 2003, the circumstance of Alex familial organization is balanced out, regardless of whether there is a need to put resources into another plant. As Cameron was not monetarily prepared to gain such a ground, the primary alternative was, toward one side, to pause and produce more benefits prompting progressively monetary steadiness through fares. On the opposite end, the organization can decide to permit the creation of the adaptable coupling with McGrath, For this situation, Cameron is the licensor and McGrath, the licensee. The control shares licenses, copyrights or trademarks and receives sovereignty expenses consequently. In 2004, Alex marked a five years authorizing concurrence with McGrath. Following this understanding, McGrath needed to pay $100,000 charge ahead of time so as to help Cameron to recoup and a sovereignty of 3% on the first $1 million of deals and 2% on the second on the off chance that McGrath arrived at a more significant level of innovation, it would likewise have the commitment to share in any event one of them with Cameron. Alex understood that the plant can't bear the cost of the two frameworks on the grounds that the expenses of extending the action were too high and required such a large number of the companys assets. Also, the companys money related circumstance couldn't allow Cameron to actualize a plant development. The potential in the European market is an incredible method to grow a business in spite of the fact that the way of life is extraordinary. It is hard to adjust a North American business framework to an European framework. Sending out to the European market implies that the normal European client should pay the worldwide charges (around 20 percent more than North Americans due to charges). By allowing McGrath a permit, Alex guarantees a speedy and limit the dangers while infiltrating the U. K ND European markets. In spite of the fact that there are numerous preferences while authorizing, there are different outcomes, for example, sharing benefits, yet additionally information, thus Cameramans protected innovation, The upsides of permitting McGrath are various. The low speculation costs, decreased budgetary dangers, and economies of degree are fascinating while actualizing an activitys development. Cameron is worried about its money related circumstance and permitting gives them a higher security. It is a snappy market passage with a limited danger of lackluster showing from the licensee, McGrath, which s as of now and straightforwardly running tasks in the LLC. K. Despite what might be expected, the danger of picture misfortune, the separation between the two nations prompting correspondence misfortunes, the absence of income, and the common benefits are a few drawbacks to consider while actualizing a permit technique. Sending out likewise has its favorable circumstances and weaknesses. To start with, it gives freedom, a higher power over the quality last items. Economies of scale, and a higher, non-shared benefit. For this situation, inconveniences are various. The absence of limit of Cameron limits its capacity to extend its business through games. Also, the distinctive money speaks to a hazard as monetary standards esteem shifts extraordinarily on the present moment. There are likewise high speculation costs, a constrained information on the U. K. Furthermore, European market, the expenses of transportation and the exchange boundaries. Considering the companys budgetary circumstance, the expenses and dangers of entering another market, we imagine that Alex should permit McGrath. Obviously McGrath is the ideal colleague. This organization claims all the apparatuses important to solidly deliver and sell the adaptable couplings. .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 , .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .postImageUrl , .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 , .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44:hover , .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44:visited , .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44:active { border:0!important; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44:active , .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u 19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u19098b18fe300679ce69108e9b554e44:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: 10 page update on The Netherlands EssayThey can ell the item quick and assemble a solid and feasible relationship with Cameron. McGrath is knowledgeable about this business and Cameron can profit by it to expand creation limits They have a strong notoriety and an extraordinary budgetary circumstance. The business people are included concerning the showcasing and selling Of the items. They have high assembling limits and are happy to contribute and build up the assembling ability to proficiently deliver the adaptable couplings. Moreover, their customer base is fundamental. Permitting McGrath is the best decision Cam eron can do to improve its circumstance.

10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be Making

10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be Making September 18, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children If you suffer from social anxiety disorder (SAD), chances are that you tend to adopt a closed style of body language. This means that the way you carry yourself tells others that you want to be left alone. It also means that you look anxious and nervous in social situations. Even though it can be tough to change what might feel like natural body positions, changing your body language to appear more open will send a better message to those around you.  Eventually, with time, this new style will take less effort; you might even start to feel less anxious as a result. Below are body language mistakes that you might be making right nowâ€"and tips on how to fix them. Slouching Stop and look at how you are sitting or standing right now.  Are you slouched over or upright? Are your shoulders down with arms comfortably at your sides, or are you scrunched up, trying to take up as little space as possible?   Looking Down   When you slouch, you probably also look down. Maybe you look down when you walk, when you meet someone, or during conversation. Looking down tells others that you are anxious or have something to hide. Weak Handshake When first meeting new acquaintances do you offer a firm handshake or a limp noodle? That limp noodle is doing you more harm than good, even though it might feel like your natural way to shake hands.   Faking a Smile   Are your smiles genuine? Others will be able to tell if you are faking a smile because only your mouth will be involved. Angling Your Body Away People with SAD value their personal space; if someone gets too close it can feel like you are being invaded. At the same time, it is important to watch how you angle your body when with others. Facing slightly away from someone sends the message that you are not interested.   Avoiding Eye Contact Although it can be tempting to look down or away when someone talks to you, avoiding eye contact indicates disinterest. Practice looking into other peoples eyes about 60% of the time; any amount greater than this will start to appear like staring.   Folding Your Arms Whether you are doing it because you are cold, anxious, or simply more comfortable that way, crossing your arms in front of you sends the message for other people to stay away. Dont do it. Fidgeting Do you fidget with your hair, your pen, or your clothes? Stop fidgeting and you will appear more confident and less anxious. Fidgeting also makes it hard for others to concentrate on what you are saying, especially if you are giving a presentation. Blocking Blocking involves placing objects between you and another person to make you feel more safe. For example, you might block with a book, your computer, or other electronic device. Remove the objects to make the other person feel more connected to you. Distractions Although you might feel less anxious if you can take a brief pause from your conversation to check an email or send a text message, doing so tells the other person that you dont value the interaction. Stay focused on the person you are with as much as possible; if you must multi-task, apologize first and get it done quickly. How to Improve Your Body Language Finally, here are some tips to help you win the body language game. Stand Up Straight.  If your tendency is to slouch, try picturing an imaginary string attached to the top of your head and the ceiling. Let that image pull your head upward and your body out of the slouched position. You should immediately feel more confident. Make Eye Contact.  If looking others in the eye feels too hard, try looking at a spot between their eyes. Theyll never know. Give a Strong Handshake.  Practice a firm handshake that shows you have confidence and are sure of yourself. Smile for Real.  With a real smile, the upper part of your face changes as well... your eyes scrunch up a little and you get crows feet. Try to stop and think about why you are smiling and whether you really mean it. Lean In.  Leaning in shows openness and attention. 10 Ways to Have More Confident Body Language

Introduction. Ruth Ann Is A Veteran Pre-Algebra Teacher

Introduction Ruth Ann is a veteran pre-algebra teacher challenged by her unmotivated students at Middle City Middle School. Maya, the staff development and instruction consultant with seven-year teaching experience, accepted Ruth Ann’s request to provide immediate assistance with professional instructional intervention. The challenges, reflective assessment of the instructional intervention, anticipated outcomes, and the evaluation will be discussed in this case analysis. Challenges In this case, both Ruth Ann and Maya found the students’ in-class disruptive behaviours, unmotivated attitudes towards math, and lack of basic math skills are the challenges for teaching struggling grade seven students pre-algebra (Orrill Hill, 2013).†¦show more content†¦Also, Maya listened carefully and did a relatively thorough research on the essential contextual factors such as learner profile, learning culture, learner role perception and instructor role perception (Tessmer Richey, 1997). In this case, the traditional talking in front of the classroom teaching style does not match what students’ perspective of learning (Orrill Hill, 2013). Maya should ask both students and Ruth Ann to clarify their views of knowledge during data collection procedure in order to develop the effective instructional plan for Ruth Ann. Considering previous teacher-centered teaching style has failed in practice (Orrill Hill, 2013) and the problem existed in instructor role perception (Tessmer Richey, 1997), the learner-centered constructivist approach will be adopted in this instructional intervention. To satisfy Ruth Ann’s request of addressing the deficiency of students’ math skills and integrating real world problems in laboratory classroom setting(Orrill Hill, 2013), Maya should interview more teachers and students and visit more schools in the same school districts and city. She could also conduct more research from literature or online resources to gather both successful and un successful examples, suggesting some possible solutions regarding integrating authentic problem-solving activities in teaching as well as addressing the gap between theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManagement—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating

Highly Successful Parent Teacher Communication

One of the most beneficial aspects of teaching is building positive relationships with parents. Effective parent-teacher communication is essential for a teacher to be successful. A good relationship between parents and a teacher is invaluable towards maximizing the time that the teacher has with that student. A student who knows that the teacher communicates on a regular basis with their parents and who knows that their parents trust the teacher will likely put more effort into school. Likewise, a student who knows that the teacher rarely or never communicates with their parents and/or their parents do not trust the teacher will often pit the two against each other. That is counterproductive and will create problems for the teacher and ultimately issues for the student as well. Many teachers underestimate the value of building relationships with their students’ parents. Parents can be your best friends, and they can be your worst enemy. It is hard work for a teacher to build trusting cooperative relationships, but it will be well worth all the effort in the long run. The following five tips can help teachers build solid relationships with the parents of the students they serve. Build Their Trust Building a parent’s trust is often a gradual process. First of all, parents need to ensure that you have their child’s best interest at heart. Proving this to some parents can be challenging, but it isn’t impossible. The first step to building their trust is simply letting them know you on a more personal level. There are obviously personal details that you don’t want to give to parents, but don’t be afraid to talk casually with them about hobbies or interest outside of school. If a parent has a similar interest, then milk that for all its worth. If a parent can relate to you, then the communication and trust between you will likely be solid. Don’t be afraid to go the extra mile to help a student. This can win trust and respect faster than anything. Something as simple as a personal call to check on a student who has missed a few days due to illness will stand out in a parent’s mind. Opportunities like this present themselves from time to time. Don’t waste those opportunities. Finally, allow them to see you’re a terrific teacher with their child’s best interest in mind. Demand respect from your students and push them to succeed, but be flexible, understanding, and caring in the process. Parents who care about education will trust you if they see these things. Listen to Them There may be times that a parent has a question or concern about something. The worst thing you can do in this case is to be defensive. Being defensive makes it seem as though you have something to hide. Instead of being defensive listen to everything they have to say before you react. If they have a valid concern, assure them that you will take care of it. If you made a mistake, admit it, apologize for it, and tell them how you plan to remedy it. Most of the time a parent’s questions or concerns come down to miscommunication or misconceptions. Don’t be afraid to clear up any issues, but do so in a tone that is calm and in a manner which is professional. Listening to them is just as powerful as explaining your side. You will find more times than not that the frustration is not with you, but instead with their child and that they simply need to vent. Communicate Often Effective communication can be time-consuming, but it is crucial. There are many ways to communicate these days. Notes, newsletters, daily folders, phone calls, emails, visitations, open room nights, class web pages, postcards, and parent-teacher conferences are some of the most popular means in which to communicate. An effective teacher will likely use several means over the course of the year. Good teachers communicate frequently. If a parent hears it from you, there is a lesser chance of something getting misinterpreted in the process. An important thing to note is that most parents get sick of only hearing unpleasant news about their child. Pick three to four students per week and contact their parents with something positive. Try not to include anything negative in these types of communications. When you do have to contact a parent for something negative like a discipline issue, try to end the conversation on a positive note. Document Every Communication The importance of documenting cannot be underscored. It doesn’t have to be anything in depth. It needs to include the date, parent/student name, and a brief summary. You may never need it, but if you do, it will be well worth the time. No matter how strong of a teacher you are, you will not always make everyone happy. Documenting is invaluable. For example, a parent may not be happy about a decision you have made to retain their child. This is a process that often spans the course of the year. A parent could claim that you never talked to them about it, but if you have it documented that you did four times throughout the year, the parent has no basis for their claim. Fake It When Necessary The reality is that you are not always going to get along or like every parent of every child that you teach. There will be personality conflicts, and sometimes you just don’t have any similar interest. However, you have a job to do and avoiding a parent is ultimately not what is best for that child. Sometimes you will have to grin and bear it. While you may not like being fake, building some sort of positive relationship with their parent will be beneficial to the student.  If you try hard enough, you can find some kind of common ground with just about anyone.  If it benefits the student, you must be willing to go the extra mile even it is uncomfortable at times.

Twelfth Night Coursework Assignment Free Essays

string(156) " Olivia uses deception to further her cause with Cesario and it is made inherent to him that she has fallen in love with his outward, disguised appearance\." 5. â€Å"Conceal what I am† Explore the theme of disguise and deception in â€Å"Twelfth Night† William Shakespeare’s ‘Twelfth Night’ is based around disguise in the form of deception. In ‘Twelfth Night’, disguise takes many different shapes from physical to mental disguise. We will write a custom essay sample on Twelfth Night Coursework Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the major themes of ‘Twelfth Night’ is also misperception and deception. Yet, paradoxically along the way there are many problems, deceptions and illusions, providing a comment on human behaviour and creating comedy. In ‘Twelfth Night’, Shakespeare explores and illustrates the theme of deception and disguise with precise detail. In ‘Twelfth Night’, it is evident that the fluctuation in attitude to the dual role and situation and tribulations imposed upon the character of Viola ends up in a better understanding of both sexes, and thus, allows Viola to have a better understanding for Orsino. â€Å"Stand you awhile aloof. Cesario, Thou know’st no less but all; I have unclasp’d To thee the book even of my secret soul.† Here it is apparent that after very little time Viola has won the trust of Orsino through her disguise and he seems to have decided that he can divulge more in Viola than in anyone else. She decides to take on this identity because she has more liberty in society in her Cesario mask, which is obvious when Orsino readily accepts her. Orsino confides in Cesario the most intimate feelings of his ‘secret soul’ and grows accustomed to Cesario very quickly, whereas, in her female identity, it is clear that she would not enjoy such freedom. I also think this is significant, as Shakespeare is conveying the impression that because Viola has disguised herself as a ‘eunuch’ she has more autonomy and less constraints; I think Shakespeare’s underlying and implicit message is that sometimes it is beneficial for women to dress as men to achieve freedom; therefore assuming a disguise is necessary. The theme of deception is also evident immediately in the play. A supposedly ‘noble’ Duke Orsino is suffering due to his unrequited ‘love’ for the Lady Olivia. † If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die.† There is a touch of unreality and deception here about Orsino’s distress, as if he unconsciously enjoying the situation he is in and so the audience is left to deduce whether or not Orsino is in self-deception. Shakespeare hints here that Orsino’s love for Olivia is a hyperbolic, abstract love and one of self-indulgence as it is ‘high-fantastical’ and so he encourages the audience to look more intimately and interpret Orsino’s ‘spirit of love’ as one of self-delusion. Orsino constantly reiterates how immense his ‘love’ is for Olivia, but it is easily seen as empty rhetoric. He is infatuated with the notion of love, and himself as the great, contemporary lover rather like Romeo from Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Deception plays a role here because it is clear Orsino’s conception of himself is misplaced and so he is self-deceiving and also this highlights his egotistical nature. Shakespeare also uses iambic pentameter here and this defines Orsino’s character to a certain degree. Iambic pentameter shows control and yet the emphasis here is on the instability and the intensity of his love for Olivia. This leads us to believe he is ‘in love with the notion of being in love’. This oration by Orsino also tells us something about his character and mood: he is in love, but this does not bring him happiness, rather a profound melancholy. His speech then turns to images of disease and death and it is excessively evident here that Orsino is misleading himself. ‘Excess†¦surfeiting†¦sicken†¦die†¦dying’ Orsino, here, has dramatised his passion and love for Olivia so much that he thinks he will die if she does not love him. It is clear he is deceiving himself and his situation can be interpreted as him being preoccupied with the sensation of love itself, feeding his emotions with music and elaborate poetic imagery. Shakespeare conveys Orsino’s ‘love-thoughts’ emotions for Olivia as passive, self-regarding and melancholic and Orsino as unrepresentative of his veritable feelings. Shakespeare invites the audience to interpret Orsino’s ‘love-thoughts’, which ‘pursue’ him as artificial ones because of the way Orsino is portrayed. â€Å"Be not amaz’d; right noble is his blood. If this be so, as yet the glass seems true, I shall have share in this most happy wreck.† Orsino here demonstrates a rapid detachment from Olivia and instead switches his attentions to Viola. This extremely quick change of ‘love’ from Olivia to Viola confirms his superficiality and self-deceit. The theme of disguise and deception is again present in the next scene where Olivia is in passionate mourning for her brother who ‘shortly died’. However, it is also clear that Olivia herself is in self-deceit. Her way of mourning involves her hiding behind a veil or disguising herself from the truth and refusing male company which is illustrated when she says like a ‘cloistress’ she will ‘veiled walk’ around with ‘eye-offending brine’. The mourning over her brother’s death is very dramatic, but she just lives the idea of mourning as she feels that this would do the death of her brother justice. She attempts to disguise all this under a veil, but to no triumph as her genuine personality shone through. Olivia as part of her mourning vowed that no man would see her face â€Å"till seven years’ heat†. But regardless of this, falls in love with Cesario which shows that her resolution is short-lived and the audience is left to question her sincerity. â€Å"Unless, perchance, you come to me again To tell me how he takes it†. Olivia is disguising her flirtatiousness towards Cesario by pretending that she only wants him to come back to bear news of Orsino’s reaction to her rejection. To further disguise her feelings, and deceive Malvolio, she tells a blatant lie to him, pretending Cesario left a ‘ring behind him’. â€Å"She returns this ring to you, sir; you might have saved Me my pains, to have taken it away yourself.† Olivia uses deception to further her cause with Cesario and it is made inherent to him that she has fallen in love with his outward, disguised appearance. Also deception features here as, ironically, Olivia’s advance is just as deceitful as Viola’s mere presence. It is clear to the audience that Olivia is deluding herself that she will be in deep mourning for her brother for ‘seven years’. Her first appearance, which ends with her falling for the disguised Viola, shows the shallowness of her real feelings of anguish. When Olivia, who is taken in by Cesario’s ‘youth’s perfections’, falls in love with Cesario she instantaneously forgets about mourning. Olivia’s elaborate, grief-stricken gestures towards her dead brother are examples of dramatised and overly exaggerated displays of emotion. Her grief may well be genuine but her extravagant vow to mourn him for ‘seven years’, sprinkling her chamber with tears and wearing a veil are quite simply empty gestures. On closer inspection one can also infer that Olivia is perhaps using her brothers death to conceal her aspirations for Cesario to remain close to her. â€Å"I bade you never speak again of him; But, would you undertake another suit, I had rather hear you than solicit that Than music from the spheres.† It is made explicit to Cesario that she wants to be courted by him, which is comical to the audience as they know about Cesario’s masquerade, and this is another example of the way Cesario deceives through disguise. Olivia has just lost her family, but her display of sorrow is very theatrical and self-deluding and seems to be full of barren gestures which say nothing about her true grief but merely disguise her true feelings and serve to self-deceive. Another character that is guilty of self-deception is Olivia’s servant Malvolio. A scene, which prepares us for dramatic irony, is when Maria writes the letter to Malvolio, under the pretence that it is from Olivia. As the audience is aware of this deception it sets up the dramatic irony, because Malvolio himself is not aware of it when he finds and reads the letter. Malvolio in his conceited role presents the possibilities of a very bland and critical existence, however when drugged with the mere possibilities of conceit, believing himself superior to others, he becomes the most absurd of all the characters and he reveals to us his disguised feelings. â€Å"Go, hang yourselves all! You are idle shallow things; I am not of your element; you shall know more hereafter.† Malvolio has extreme ambitions and aspirations to advance in social class by marrying Olivia which the audience can clearly interpret as self-delusional. Maria’s letter is only able to convince him that Olivia loves him because that is what he wants to believe. When the letter tells him to act proud and haughty, it only gives him permission to show how he already feels, as it appeals to his vanity. This trick would not have worked if the letter had not been disguised as Olivia’s, however, it is also important to include that Malvolio’s disguised feelings and self-deception convince him of its authenticity. It is his capacity for self-deception and it is really Malvolio’s ‘self-love’ which makes him easy to trick. Malvolio is also in disguise in the class system. He dresses in black and never laughs. â€Å"My masters, are you mad? Or what are you? Have you no wit, manners or honesty,† This however, is merely a disguise that he assumes, that allows him to criticize others. Under this disguise Malvolio is full of self-importance he is also self-absorbed and extremely vain. He conceals his ‘puritan’ personality during this ‘gulling’ episode and puts on ‘yellow stockings’ and behaves uncharacteristically boldly. When he is on his own he reveals he often daydreams of ruling a thrifty and solemn household while he plays with ‘some rich jewel’, and that Olivia will marry him and as a result he will become ‘Count Malvolio’ her equal. This shows his embedded self-deception. It is also ironic that Malvolio is more successful at fooling himself than he is at deceiving others. Malvolio is sure that some accident of luck has caused a man as fine as him to be born a servant rather than a master and that fortune will eventually correct that mistake. â€Å"all that look on him love him.† This reveals his arrogant nature and the fact that he is self-deceiving. Self-love is evident in many characters of the play, however, Malvolio’s self-love combined with his instinct for social climbing makes it more obtrusive. To conclude, Malvolio is self-deceived before he is deceived. Shakespeare makes this clear by exhibiting Malvolio’s vain glory just before he finds the forged letter: ‘To be Count Malvolio!’. The physical disguise in ‘Twelfth Night’ brings to light those who have mental illusions as to who they are. Malvolio for example considers himself to be respected and is the first person to call other characters a ‘fool’ when in fact the audience think of him as a fool. Deception and disguise also play a major role in the characters of Maria, Sir Toby and Sir Andrew. Sir Toby often persuades Andrew to give him money or buy him drinks in return for allowing him access to Olivia, in order to court/woo her. â€Å"Send for money, knight; if thou hast her not i’ th’ end, call me Cut.† Andrew does not realise that Sir Toby is fooling him and using him to pay for his entertainment and so deception plays a part here because Sir Toby is deliberately deceiving and deluding Sir Andrew to exploit him. It can also be argued that Sir Andrew is self-deceiving because he actually thinks that the rouge Sir Toby is his genuine friend, however, it is clear to the audience that his friendship with Sir Toby is feigned. However, it is also clear that if Sir Toby did not encourage and prompt him, he would never have aspired. ‘No faith, I’ll not stay a jot longer.’ This is important because it shows that although Sir Andrew is deceived, and foolish, he is not self-deceived. This also proves that although he is foolish enough to dream of Olivia’s hand, he is scarcely hopeful which shows that, unlike Malvolio, he has a greater sense of reality and does not delude himself or disguise that he knows Olivia does not love him. Another form of disguise, Shakespeare’s use of masks in the play, also contributes much to the disguise and deception in the play. These masks put characters in a form of ‘darkness of night,’ allowing them to become someone else. Shakespeare uses masking imagery throughout the play. The perfect example of this can be seen in Feste the jester. Feste demonstrates masking imagery when he disguises himself as ‘Sir Topas’ and is sent to judge Malvolio’s state of mind. â€Å"Sir Topas, never was man thus wronged. Good Sir Topas, do not think I am mad: they have laid me Here in hideous darkness.† By adopting this disguise, Feste is able to expose Malvolio’s self-conceit and other faults and therefore he successfully reveals Malvolio’s hidden feelings by disguising himself. Also Feste, in the guise of the Fool, comes out with wise and intellectual comments contrary to his role. Although characters wear masks, their true identities are always revealed. I interpret this as Shakespeare alluding to the fact that all disguises can be exposed. This statement is reinforced when Feste says: ‘Eyes show the days’. Feste is able to penetrate all the masks of the others, and he succeeds in concealing his own which makes him a master and professional of disguise. Feste is an ‘allowed fool’ a professional jester who has to be quick witted and clever to make jokes and puns. He is not expected to be idiotic or simple-minded. Viola, in her disguise as Cesario, is able to talk to her lover in a way that she could not do as a woman; she takes advantage of this situation and schools Orsino on the realities of love. â€Å"She never told her love,†¦.. Feed on her damask cheek.† Here Viola counters Orsino’s narcissism with her own sad story of concealed love. Shakespeare accentuates Orsino’s exaggerated, excessive idea of love, by showing alongside it the genuine love felt by Viola and therefore Orsino’s speech is undermined, as what he said is ironic. So, although Viola is disguising her feelings for Orsino, she does not deceive him and unreservedly hints that she has suppressed feelings for him. Sebastian’s relationship with Antonio is one of disguise because Antonio implicitly reveals his ‘love’ for Sebastian but deceives him and perhaps self-deceives as being just friendship, as one can conjecture that he is gay. â€Å"If you will not murder me for your love, let me be your servant†. This suggests that Antonio has repressed homosexual feelings for Sebastian that he disguises by pretending to only be his close friend. The play abounds in references to these different forms of disguise, to the gap between what appears to be true and what really is. Viola calls disguise a ‘wickedness/Wherein the pregnant enemy does much’ when she realises that Olivia has fallen in love with her persona as Cesario. In the play’s moral scheme disguise or self-deception creates frustration and confusion. Antonio, for example, regrets the ‘devotion’, which Sebastian’s handsome features had inspired in him. Word- play is also a form of disguise and the numerous puns in the play reflect this theme on a linguistic level. The dramatic convention of disguise produces ambiguities of meaning and emotion throughout the play. So, to conclude, I would argue that in ‘Twelfth Night’ every character conceals and deceives, however, without doubt Viola’s concealment of her physical shape as a woman, and emotions for Orsino is essential to the plot and creates the comedy and confusion. How to cite Twelfth Night Coursework Assignment, Papers

Population Explosion free essay sample

From 1750 to 1900, the population of Britain dramatically increased from around 7 million to nearly 40 million people. The key question that is mainly discussed is: What was the main reason for this? I shall be studying the most likely causes for the mass increase in the population of Britain, and trying to determine which ones were more likely to trigger this ‘population explosion!’ Firstly, the majority of cities in Britain began to develop into cleaner and more hygienic areas to live in with fresh, dirt free water supplied to homes. This would have affected the growth of the population, because there would be fewer germs contaminating the air from dirt; raising the life expectancy. I think that this change would have made quite a big impact on the population of Britain, because if everyone was drinking clean water and living in tidier streets, then there were more people less likely to catch nasty bugs- contributing to the expansion of Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on Population Explosion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Leading on from the subject of hygiene, soap became more available (as well as feasible) for the people of Britain. The key result of this was that a significant amount of germs that were originally contaminating Britain were killed off-also raising the life expectancy. Additionally, the use of soap will have meant that births were cleaner, making babies were more likely to survive. With a similar idea to the cleaner cities, this made a large influence on Britain making it a strong partaker in the augmentation of Britain’s inhabitancy. In addition to the reasons outlined above, from 1750 onwards, midwives became more obtainable, since medical areas stepped up a level. The midwives were able to carry out cleaner births-linking in with the reasons for this defined above such as soap and hygiene- causing the chance of babies surviving births a great deal more likely. Furthermore, not just would the child survive, but it would be more probable that the mother would also live on. I believe that this change made a great effect on Britain’s population for the reason that there were more survivors. Combining with the idea of midwives decreasing death rate, as said above doctors and nurses dramatically improved in medicine and hygiene. For instance, medical operations involved anaesthetics to ensure that patients didn’t have to endure pain during or after each practical. This would have meant that less people would have died, increasing Britain’s life  expectancy. Although it has many factors to back it up, I do not believe that this cause deeply affected the population, since Britain had just become very clean and that increased the life expectancy more drastically. Continuing with the subject of the health of Britain, farmers managed to produce nutritional foods that gave the people the vitamins required to fight off diseases. Some of these foods included: Potatoes, carrots, peas and many more. Noticeably, this will have meant that more people lived longer due to the diets that they had. I consider that this was a huge reason for the increase in population of Britain, for the public were able to enjoy tasty foods that kept them healthy and less vulnerable to diseases. Maintaining the healthy diet image, during the mid-18th century, a tax was put on gin in the attempt to stop people drinking it. The reasons for this were, many parents were drinking a huge amount of gin and finding themselves with health issues, as well as neglecting their children (therefore leading to a short life.) It mostly worked subsequently highering the life expectancy and making people a lot healthier. I think that although this was a good idea, although it would not have greatly contributed towards triggering Britain’s population explosion. Now moving on to a completely different subject, from 1750-1900 many young lovers came around. This would have meant that there was longer to have children increasing the population. I don’t feel that this would have made a large impact on Britain because getting married young wouldn’t necessarily make you want to have kids but just give you time to have more. Despite my opinion in the above reason, during the industrial revolution, factories opened where children were forced to work for little pay. This would suggest that parents would want to have children to bring money into the family. However, I don’t think that this would have been a real incentive for couples to have children, making it less likely to have been a main cause for the growth of population in Britain. If it were to have been a true cause, then it would have meant more births but perhaps more deaths from accidents in the factories. Pursuing the subject of children, during the population explosion, a man named Edward Jenner invented a jab to make people immune to the disease smallpox. In 1870, this vaccination was made compulsory –this would have meant that people wou ld be healthier and less vulnerable to deathly  diseases. It could be considered that it would be a motivation to have kids if parents were worried before of losing their child. I believe that this was a key reason for the population explosion in Britain because it resulted in more births and an increased life expectancy. Tying in with the causes outlined above, children were provided with a much better education nearing the end of the 19th century. Clever kids managed to read the pamphlets describing a healthy diet meaning that people could live good lives eating and doing the right things. I think this would have been a reason for both a raised life expectancy and more kids because the midwives could learn how to complete a clean birth meaning more kids and that would raise the life expectancy. Lastly, a slightly surprising cause is that from 1750 onwards, cotton was used for clothes rather than other dirty materials which weren’t as easy to wash. This would have raised the life expectancy since there would be less germs going round from dirty clothes. I don’t feel that this was a big reason for the increase of population in Britain because if people were using soap and eating healthily then there would not be many germs else causing diseases. In conclusion, after studying the 11 reasons most commonly thought of as the triggering of the population explosion, I believe that although they all have key facts supporting them, the main reason for causing the population explosion was the improvement of hygiene and health; germs would have been the main reason for deaths of less births before the growth in population and preventing those germs spurred on the population explosion the most. Whatever you think happened is for you to determine!!

This is a brief summary of The crucible Essays

This is a brief summary of The crucible Essays This is a brief summary of The crucible Paper This is a brief summary of The crucible Paper Hypocrisy plays a big part in the crucible. Right from the start you find out that Goody Putnam is using Tituba to talk to her dead babes but all through the rest of the play there is no more mention of Goody Putnams dealings although her husband goes around accusing other people in the village but not his wife who had actually been practicing witchcraft. The other people who had been playing at witchcraft were the girls who are believed to be the victims and then turn in to the main accusers but even when it comes to light that they were dancing in the woods around a fire they are never accused of any thing. This is strange, as the girls had done more wrong than most of the accused put together. The hypocrisy is not only in the witch-hunt but they go against their own religion as well. The people of Salem and especially Rev. Parris are supposed to be Christians but if they were true to this then they would believe it wrong to have slaves but Rev. Parris has Tituba who he brought with him from Barbados, and he beats her, which must go against what he himself is preaching in church. On Sunday there is a two-man patrol that goes around the village to make sure that the people are in church and not working. This seems to be wrong because if these people were firmly devoted to their religion then they would be in church and they would not have to be forced to go. The men who are on patrol are also not in church but that does not seem to be the same even though it could be seen as work. The people in Salem have a surpassing lack of reason and logic they go along with any thing. Proctor shows a lot of deductive logic when he asks for the proof of witchcraft when nearly everyone is being accused. When proctor asks for the proof Danforth gives him a long speech about how he sees the situation and how it is best to take action this goes on to eventually say In an ordinary crime, how does one defend the accused? One calls up witnesses to prove his innocence. But witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face an invisible crime, is it not? By this he means that no one can see the crime to defend the accused. He then goes on to say Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim none other. Now we cannot hope that the witch will accuse herself; granted? Therefore, we must rely upon her victims and they do testify, the children certainly do testify so he is saying that as no has seen anything the girls must be telling the truth because they are the victims. Hale is the only other man in the village who is looking for the reason and the truth. So when hale can find no reason in what the court is doing he denounces the proceedings and will no longer have anything to do with the judges. By the time hale quits the court there is no stopping them they just keep convicting people until they even arrest Proctor. When you read the play or watch it being performed you never see any one actually being hanged but at the end of the play there is a drum beat as they prepare to hang Proctor and the others on trial. Abby speaks of some bloody goings on when she speaks of how her parents heads were smashed by Indians while she was in the same bed as them. Abby uses these images to scare and threaten the other girls but it also gives you a window into her past to see why she is the way she is. Abby also drinks a charm of chicken blood to kill Goody Proctor so that she can have her husband. Abby is the center of most of the bloods goings on and she causes the bloodthirsty attitude of the people in Salem to escalate to the extent where if anything happens then the person who is nearest at the time would be accused of witchcraft. This happens even if it is something that could easily happen like some fire wood falling over or a fire burning too brightly. All through the play the people are looking for a scapegoat to blame everything on and that is what they do. My conclusion of the play is that through the crucible Miller can put forth his views about religion and the communist hunt that was going on. Miller also can make people start to agree with the way he is thinking but he does it subtlety so that you dont notice that you are starting to think slightly differently. The practice of turning people in to scapegoats is used throughout the play and what Miller does is to bring out the worst in people but to also to have some people who rise to the occasion and perform brilliantly even under great pressure. There are also the people like Giles Corey who through their actions remain the heroes until the end.

How to Style Legislative Terms

How to Style Legislative Terms How to Style Legislative Terms How to Style Legislative Terms By Mark Nichol Capitalization style for words and phrases related to legislation and international agreements is fairly straightforward, but here are some notes about treatment: Constitutions The phrase â€Å"US Constitution† (or â€Å"United States Constitution,† though the form with initials alone is sufficient) should be capitalized as such, as should names of state constitutions (â€Å"the California Constitution,† for example), but the word on its own is lowercased even as a subsequent reference to a specific document. The same is true of a word for components of a constitution, such as article. Names of specific amendments to the US Constitution are capitalized, but whether words or numerals are used to indicate them is contingent on which authority is used: The Chicago Manual of Style, the style manual of record for book publishers, calls for generally spelling out numbers up to one hundred, but the Associated Press Stylebook, which prescribes style for newspapers (some magazines and many Web sites adhere to it as well), uses numerals for 10 and up. So, write â€Å"Thirteenth Amendment† or â€Å"13th Amendment† according to the style your self-selected or externally appointed style guide recommends. Proposed amendments to the Constitution are often identified by their chief proponent (for example, â€Å"the Bricker Amendment†) or their aims (â€Å"the Equal Rights Amendment,† though some people argue that because there is no such amendment, only a movement to pass one, it should not be validated with capitalization). Bills and Acts A proposal for a new law enacted by the US Congress is offered as a bill. A bill proposed in the House of Representatives is given the body’s initials and a number (HR 99), followed by the name of the bill; a Senate is identified similarly (S 13). (As with US and other abbreviations, the initials are often followed by periods, but this style is unnecessary.) This style isn’t exactly mirrored in state and local legislation; for example, in the California Assembly, the local equivalent of the House of Representatives, a bill is abbreviated AB (for â€Å"Assembly Bill.†) If passed, the bill becomes an act, such as the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Repeal Act of 2010. (Note that the year of enactment is often but not always part of the official name of the act.) In generic usage, even to a specific act, the word act is lowercased, though many legislative bodies and associated publications capitalize it when it refers to a specific act, as in â€Å"The Act would reverse a long-standing military policy that discriminates against gay service personnel.† Many other names for legislation exist, including code, ordinance, and statute. These words are capitalized as part of the name of a body of laws, such as â€Å"Civil Code† or â€Å"Municipal Code,† but are otherwise lowercased. Treaties and Such Nomenclature for treaties includes formal and informal styles. For example, one notable example’s formal name is the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, but the treaty associated with the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks is informally called the SALT treaty (with treaty lowercased because that is not the official name). A similar international understanding is referred to as an agreement, as in â€Å"the Sykes-Picot Agreement.† Then there is an armistice, which is merely a cessation of hostilities that may or may not be followed by a peace treaty. Many notable armistices have occurred, requiring specific nomenclature such as â€Å"the Korean War Armistice Agreement,† but the default event, that formalizing the end of World War I, is referred to simply as â€Å"the Armistice.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?

Using an extended example critically examine whether the sector matrix Essay - 4

Using an extended example critically examine whether the sector matrix framework gives a better strategic understanding of product markets than the concepts o - Essay Example The understanding of sector matrix is from a business model change management perspective to presenting a well in-depth conceptual framework. The sector matrix strategic challenges in functional organization structures can create fundamental aspect to designing problematic measures. For instance, the designed approach to implement needed change management offers a new directive matrix. The approach for forming the right measure of strategy is within the right designed matrix. The management objectives outline the required streamline processing of business model standards to producing products. In doing so, the role in establishing the correct sector matrix through pricing, brand identification, and innovation is essential to success. The business model understanding of the functional business operational processes presents the ability correctly analyze the strengths provides the sufficient sector matrix (Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton, pp.95, 2008). In the financial industry, the business model example is in the real estate market to effectively selling deeds to the targeted demographics. The ability to section off core commodities for the appropriate level of offering loans to supply sufficient financial products. In doing so, the organization can successful increase the brand equity shiare within the industry. Furthemore, the analysis of the targeted demographics interestd in the product/service will outlined the supply linkages in the particular industry. The business model ability to presenting the framework in a business model strategy is to successfully implement the management style approach in a functional organizational. Other industries are just as strategically position within the sector matrix framework to proficiently adapt to current trends, such as, IT management, Transporation, Manufactorers, or Airliners. The identification is the ablility to critically examine the

Structured Sentencing in North Carolina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Structured Sentencing in North Carolina - Essay Example Less severe crimes that do not involve victim body injury or threat to body injury is assigned lowest classes while crimes involving victim injury is assigned highest classes. Misdemeanor crimes are classified in to four categories (Class AI, Class I, Class 2 and Class 3). Class AI is the most serious while Class 3 is the least serious misdemeanor crime (Tonry 86). Structured sentencing is based on several core principles. One of the principles is rationality of the sentence. The sentencing should consider the severity of the offense as indicated by the harm suffered by the victim and also the criminal record of the offender. Another principle is truthfulness. Early parole releases should be avoided since the jail term should be closed related to the sentence imposed by the courts. Another principle of structured sentencing is consistency. The sentence received by offenders with similar prior criminal record and convicted for the same offense should be the same. The last principle is resource prioritization (North Carolina Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission 3). The sentencing should be accompanied by adequate prison and community-based resources. Prisons and jail terms should take priority for violent crimes or repeat offenders while community-based rehabilitation programs should first be utilized for the non-violent crimes, and for offenders with no prior criminal record (Tonry 86). Felon offenses are classified in to six prior record levels starting from Level I for offenders with no prior criminal conviction to Level VI for severe felonies involving violence and numerous prior criminal records, and convictions (Tonry 89). Structured sentencing in North Carolina has three sentencing levels. The levels include the active sentencing that involve jail terms, intermediate sentencing that involve supervised probation and community sentencing that may involve community service, restitution and fines. Active sentencing is done for high offense classes and fel onies with numerous prior records. Judges may impose active, community punishment or intermediate punishment for convictions of Class AI misdemeanors regardless of the past criminal record. Class 1, 2 and 3 misdemeanors, the Judge may impose a community punishment regardless of the prior criminal history (North Carolina Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission 8). Offenders serving a jail term of more than 90 days are incarcerated at the State prison system while those serving less than 90 days of jail term, are incarcerated in County jail system (Tonry 73). Intermediate punishment requires the offenders to undergo supervised probation. The first type of intermediate punishment is the split sentence, whereby the convict will serve a jail term followed and later undergo supervised probation (Tonry 85). Another type is the Electronic house arrest whereby the convicted offender will be confined in one area and monitored through the use of computer technology. The third type is intensi ve supervision where the convicted offender is closely supervised and monitored. The fourth type is the residential center, which is a highly structured program requiring overnight residence of the convicted offender. Another type of intermediate punishment is the Day reporting center, this involve a highly structured and close supervision program during the day and in

Late Blight resistant Potatoes by Cisgene Stacking

Late Blight resistant Potatoes by Cisgene Stacking Critical Review: Development of late blight resistant potatoes by cisgene stacking BMC Biotechnology, 2014 Recombinant DNA and Genomics Critical Review of a Scientific Paper Background Food demand from agriculture has never been higher due to the increasing world population. Issues such as climate control and built up overpopulated areas of the world limit the availability and resources to produce crops. The need to enhance the yield of agricultural crops, as well as breed crops with correct traits such as viral resistance to common diseases which can devastate many farmers produce has never been more pressing. As a world population we are a lot more conscious of how we produce are food ethically and need to consider the genetic diversity of crops within agriculture. Over the past century improvements in sequencing technologies has allowed the mapping of the genome more specifically within plant species that are exploited for agriculture around the world. The first commercialised GM food was the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994, and now commonly rice, maize, potato, soybean and many others (Hamilton et al. 2012; Vanburen et al. 2015). Next generation sequencing technologies have allowed us to target the genome sequencing genotypes and identifying specific alleles that express favourable phenotypes to improve crop populations from their wild-type relatives (Lin et al. 2014; Neves et al. 2013). Our understanding of the structure and function of plant genomes within agricultural plant genetic species has fuelled the development novel biotechnologies and approaches to their application for breeding. The isolation of genes that underpin characteristics of interest and how we can target these specific genes and transfer them into new varieties of crops to imp rove yield or enhance genetic disease resistance (He et al. 2014; Gurskin et al. 2012). Until the last decade the focus has been on transgenic plants in agriculture, where isolated genes of interest from unrelated species are transferred into the genome of crop plants. Public acceptance of these crops has been controversial and forced the environmental food safety authority for GM organisms to strictly regulate the commercial use of these crops to protect the environment. Cisgenesis as a natural biotechnology approach that only utilises genes from the same plant or within the same species has tackled some of the associated problems within GM agriculture. Cisgensis was recently under review worldwide from the EFSA to be excluded from the strict regulations set for transgenic produced plants, it was finally defined that cisgenic approach to gene transfers is as safe as traditional breeding techniques (low level risk) (Hunter et al. 2014). Herewith in, the cisgenesis approach to integrating late blight resistant R genes to potato varieties is reviewed as a biotechnology to ol, the ethical advantages it addresses as well as limitations to its application. Outline of methods Aim: To use a cisgenesis approach to introduce two broad spectrum potato late blight R genes, Rpi-sto1 and Rpi-vnt1.1 from the crossable species S. stoloniferum and S. venturii, respectively, into three different potato varieties (Jo et al.2014). Plant materials Three potato varieties where obtained to introduce late blight resistance, a fourth variety potae9 was used as a positive control for its broad spectrum late blight resistance Vector construction Single R gene constructs, Rpi-sto1 and Rpi-vnt1.1 were cloned into a binary vector pBINAW2 (figure 1 below) and were aligned in tandem to form an R gene stack and one marker-free transformation vector. Construct containing both cisgenic late blight R genes (Rpi-vnt1.1 and Rpi-sto1), but lacking the bacterial kanamycin resistance selection marker (NPTII) was transformed to the three selected potato varieties using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Rooted shoots were analysed by PCR for gene transfer products (desired R genes) Potatoes where analysed for morphological changes and late blight resistance in detached leaf assays. Cisgenic events were selected because they showed broad spectrum late blight resistance due to the activity of both introduced R genes. The marker-free transformation was compared to marker-assisted transformation by the addition of kanamycin in terms of T-DNA and vector backbone integration frequencies (Methods as described in Jo et al. 2014). Results/Conclusions of research paper The study successfully introduced an effective cisgenic marker-free transformation strategy into three varieties of potato. The transformed plants expressed two stacked late blight R genes, through the infiltration of agrobacterium effectors proved the R genes functionality. It was also confirmed that marker-free transformation is less prone to vector backbone integration compared to marker-assisted transformation (Jo et al. 2014). According to the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) GMO Panel, cisgenic plants have a low risk level in comparison to transgenic produced plants. Therefore, the potatoes produced in this study, are an environmentally friendly alternative to both controversial transgenic agriculture, as well as the use of chemical agents to treat late blight disease (Jo et al. 2014). Critical Appraisal      Ã‚   Reviewing the cisgenesis approach in recent literature it has been used to engineer viral resistance and enhance favourable traits in different crops (Espinoza et al. 2013; Holme et al. 2013). However, not all crops classiffied as cisgenic fully comply with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for GM plants, as they still contain microbial regulatory sequences/marker genes (Holme et al. 2013). More recently, molecular characterization of true cisgenic apple plants previously produced and expressing the Rvi6 scab resistance genes has been reported in detail (Vanblaere et al. 2014), while new cisgene apples with the same trait have been developed using an alternative recombinase system (Wurdig et al. 2015). In the study by Jo et al. the focus was on marker-free cisgene potato plants expressing late blight resistance genes from Rpi-sto1 and Rpi-vnt1.1, produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using marker-free gene but PCR for the selection of transformed plants. Due to th e activity of both introduced R genes, cisgene plants showing broad-spectrum late blight resistance could be selected (Jo et al. 2014). Cisgenesis relies on the transfer of sequences from the same or related species, therefore, knowledge of specific sequences as well as its position and function in the genome is essential. In the future it is expected this knowledge will accelerate the application of this technology in place of transgenesis. One advantage of cisgenesis approach over more common techniques is reduced duration of selection steps and linkage drag (Hou et al. 2014). Although both transgenesis and cisgenesis use the same genetic modification techniques to introduce genes into plants, cisgenesis introduce only genes of interest from the plant itself or from a crossable species. Therefore, cisgenesis is not any different from traditional breeding and there is no environmental risk as associated with transgenic species. The expression of a foreign gene or suppression of a native genes function allowed the movement of DNA between different species, forcing public perceptions of GMO food as unnatural. Although proved to be a promising tool for the enhancement of crops and economic development, the concern of public acceptance is a major limiting factor (Espinoza et al. 2013). Therefore, cisgenesis may be the future of plant breeding and crop development as it excludes foreign genes and strict regulation by the EFSA for GMO transgenes. Despite considering all the advantages of cisgenic approaches there are limitations to its application. Namely the specific requirement of the regulatory sequences origin as well as the type and size of its constructs. For example, although achieving scab resistance in apples the difference in expression level R genes was dependant on using promoter from the same species or the native promoter of different lengths (Vanblaere et al.2014; Wurdig et al. 2015). Gene expression can also have a lot of variability, through random insertion of cisgenes. Therefore this random introduction of cisgenes into a host genome can be similar to that of transgenes, through loss of functionality of endogenous genes, reverting back to the same ethical issues cisgenesis aims to avoid. Finally, Jo et al. and similar studies report plants produced by cisgenic transformation methods report the integration of vector backbone sequences, therefore the specific number of genes copied and amount of vector backbo ne sequence transferred is an important factor (Vanblaere et al. 2014; Jo et al. 2014). In potato varieties Jo et al. failed to find a difference in vector backbone integration frequencies between different varieties or when marker-assisted only transformations were compared. However, when marker-free and marker-assisted vector backbone integration frequencies were compared, they found that marker-free transformation was associated with less vector backbone integration (Jo et al. 2014). Alternatively now there are new vectors developed containing buffer plant sequences within the backbone that limit the negative affect of unspecific vector backbone integration of cisgenes (Holme et al. 2013). The cisgene stacking method by Jo et al. consisted of two choices to introduce the R gene stack into different potato varieties, marker-assisted transformation or marker-free transformation. By definition cisgenesis excludes marker-assisted transformation since the genes are derived from foreign species (Jo et al. 2014). Recently there have been methods developed to remove selectable marker genes from the genomes of transgene species. One approach exploits a recombinant strategy to extract a marker gene positioned between recombination sites (Zhou et al. 2013). An alternative approach relies on the segregation of independently integrated T-DNAs similar to those shown within the vector in figure 1 (Hou et al. 2014; Jo et al. 2014). However, Jo et al. chose the marker-free transformation via agrobacterium-based methods that utilize a plant-derived transfer DNA and a novel transient selection system to insert only native DNA into potato plants similar to earlier cisgene studies (Jo et a l. 2014; Rommens et al., 2004). An overlooked issue by many experts in within the field is the implications of large scale introduction of transgenic crops containing resistance genes through the exploitation of antibiotic resistance. Many GMOs have a gene which relates to resistance to antibiotics inserted into their genome to serve as a marker. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is already a risk associated with animal agriculture through feed being supplemented with antibiotics, and now antibiotic resistance may be further facilitated by the production of GM crops with these genes integrated in their genome. In potato varieties Jo et al. chose to pursue marker-free transformation of R genes which excluded the use of kanamycin as the marker for gene transfer. However, they also carried out the experiment with kanamycin as a gene marker as a comparison to the effect on vector backbone integration frequencies. Resistance to antibiotics could spread through the use of bacterial genes in the production of transgenic plants, also the genes often remain in the genome with no further use and future transgenic approaches should think about new ways we can remove these genes. It is possible that antibiotic resistance genes will migrate from transgenic plants to bacteria. There is then the possibility that antibiotic resistance bacteria produced from this pipeline could harm future human generations. Therefore, the future focus should remain on cisgenic strategies to GM plants that focus on marker-free transformation technologies. Conclusion Finally, according to the EFSA GMO panel cisgenesis is an environmentally safe approach to introducing new disease resistant genes and quality traits into plants. In different potato varieties it has been successful in the regeneration of light blight resistant potatoes by cisgene stacking, it is quicker to achieve than traditional agriculture and less controversial in the publics perception than transgene GM crops. However, there are limitations in particular the unpredictability of cisgene integration and expression from a biotechnology point of view, but also the impact that may have on its regulatory status and changing public perceptions. In the future cisgene approaches may benefit from being combined with new biotechnologies and GMO techniques, to help reduce the concern with cisgene integration specificity, and develop improved agriculture approaches to disease and crop quality. References      Ã‚   Espinoza, C., R. Schlechter, D. Herrera, E. Torres, A. Serrano, C. Medina, and P. Arce-Johnson, 2013: Cisgenesis and intragenesis: new tools for improving crops. Biol. Res. 46, 323-331. Gruskin, D., 2012: Agbiotech 2.0. Nat. Biotechnol. 30, 211-214. Hamilton, J. P., and C. R. Buell, 2012: Advances in plant genome sequencing. Plant J. 70, 177-190. He, J., X. Zhao, A. Laroche, Z. X. Lu, H. Liu, and Z. Li, 2014: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), an ultimate marker-assisted selection (MAS) tool to accelerate plant breeding. Front. Plant Sci. 5, 484. Holme, I. B., T. Wendt, and P. B. Holm, 2013: Intragenesis and cisgenesis as alternatives to transgenic crop development. Plant Biotechnol. J. 11, 395-407. Hou H, Atlihan N, Lu ZX. 2014. New biotechnology enhances the application of cisgenesis in plant breeding. Front Plnt Sci. 5: 389. Hunter, P., 2014: Genetically Modified Lite placates public but not activists: new technologies to manipulate plant genomes could help to overcome public concerns about GM crops. EMBO Rep. 15, 138- 141. Jo, K. R., C. J. Kim, S. J. Kim, T. Y. Kim, M. Bergervoet, M. A. Jongsma, R. G. Visser, E. Jacobsen, and J. H. Vossen, 2014: Development of late blight resistant potatoes by cisgene stacking. BMC Biotechnol. 14, 50. VanBuren, 2015: Progress, challenges and the future of crop genomes. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 24, 71-81. Neves, L. G., J. M. Davis, W. B. Barbazuk, and M. Kirst, 2013: Wholeexome targeted sequencing of the uncharacterized pine genome. Plant J. 75, 146-156. Podevin, N., Y. Devos, H. V. Davies, and K. M. Nielsen, 2012: Transgenic or not? No simple answer! New biotechnology-based plant breeding techniques and the regulatory landscape. EMBO Rep. 13, 1057-1061. Rommens, C. M., J. S. Ye, C. Richael, and K. Swords, 2004: Improving potato storage and processing characteristics through all-native DNA transformation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 9882-9887. Vanblaere, T., I. Szankowski, J. Schaart, H. Schouten, H. Flachowsky, G. A. L. Broggini, and C. Gessler, 2011: The development of a cisgenic apple plant. J. Biotechnol. 154, 304-311. Wurdig, J., H. Flachowsky, A. Saß, A. Peil, and M.-V. Hanke, 2015: Improving resistance of different apple cultivars using the Rvi6 scab resistance gene in a cisgenic approach based on the Flp/FRT recombinase system. Mol. Breeding. 35, 95.

Basic Marketing

There are at least three reasons why some customers are not satisfied with the products of certain firms and why micromarketing on the part of a production-oriented company that is inefficient can cost too much. One is that a firm focusing on micromarketing faces the challenge of producing a wide variety of goods or services to a large number of specific and small markets. If such company is inefficient and focuses mostly on production, it will be unable to produce quality goods and services.As a result, its ability to meet the expectations of its specific clients will be direly affected, thereby decreasing the satisfaction of the customers in the long run. Another reason is that a firm that faces the challenge of producing more goods than what it initially believes it can produce requires more of the raw materials it needs in order to meet that higher target. If the company is inefficient in producing such quantity and quality of goods, it is highly likely that the goods produced wi ll lack the basic quality standards.In order to compensate for the inefficiency in the production of such goods, the firm will be most likely forced to reproduce or repair some of its finished products, increasing expenses in the end. Lastly, customers are not satisfied with certain firms that are inefficient in the micromarketing field because such firms lack the ability to focus on the various goods and services that they offer due to multiple markets. 2.Technology impacts marketing environment including the opportunities, challenges and ethical issues that technology possesses. Technology greatly enhances the opportunities for firms because modern tools enable these companies to produce more and target a wider range of clients across geographical boundaries. The use of computers and efficient machines can also increase the efficiency of companies in the production of quality goods in larger quantities. The internet can also be a stronghold of these firms in advertising their prod ucts.Technology also creates certain challenges for these companies, challenges such as harnessing the technology and using it to its fullest potential. Other challenges include competing with other companies using the same technological strategies in the same market and keeping updated with the recent marketing technologies. Lastly, technology also raises certain ethical issues such as the issue of whether it is morally sound for certain firms to replace human labor with machineries.Another ethical issue is whether it is morally sound for companies to use technological tools in â€Å"spying† on the internal performance of their competitors in order to gain certain advantages. Moreover, technology also raises the ethical issue of whether it is morally fitting for firms to produce goods out of the technology available that can potentially bring harm to the buying public and to its competitors just to gain large profits.

Advancements in Medical Technology Essay - 1069 Words

Advancements in Medical Technology Advancements in technology, especially advancements in computers, have caused a major impact on today’s society.â€Å"More specifically, profound effect on modern day medicine.†[instruct.lanagara.ba.ca 1.] [1] It has changed almost every aspect of the medical field, from the instruments used to the medicines prescribed to the operations preformed.â€Å"New technologies allow healthcare professionals to save people they never could have saved before.†[collegeview.com 1.] [2] â€Å"The 20th-century has brought with it many advancements in medicine.† [utep.edu 1.] [3]Below is a list of the then most important advancements, none of which would have been possible without improvements in technology. The Ten†¦show more content†¦e organisms and cells and therefore can discover new ways to treat or prevent them.X-rays also allow for a closer look at the human body.They let doctors check the density of bones and determine whether or not they are broken.Computer controlled machines, such as CAT scans and MRI’s, provide images for doctors to analyze and as a result they furnish premium diagnoses and treatments.â€Å"New instruments allow researchers to perform experiments and study things that are otherwise inaccessible.† [instruct.langara.bc.ca 1.] [6] Recent improvements in technology have helped develop medicines to treat and prevent illnesses.Antibiotics, for instance, were rating number one on the top ten advancements in medicine, which means they have made the largest strives in the 20th-century.Without antibiotics a simple common cold could eventually turn in to something more serious, even deadly.Therefore, antibiotics are a way to stop a sickness as well as a way of preventing a more serious illness.Vaccines have a similar function, they are a way of eliminating an illness before it starts.They make the body immune to the virus before it comes in contact with it.This can save many peoples lives because most of the viruses the vaccines prevent are deadly.Some of the most common vaccines used today are the polio and the smallpox vaccinations.Another form of medication that is made great improvements is birth control.Birth control unlike antibiotics and vaccines does not save lives it preventsShow MoreRelatedThe Advancements Of Medical Technology1549 Words   |  7 PagesAdvancement in medical technology is happening every day. Doctors are looking for the best and most modern methods to help them take care of their patient’s needs. The advancements in medical technology have been immense in the last decade, and they are only going to keep advancing. Medical technology incorporates a wide variety of healthcare tools and is used to diagnose, monitor and treat diseases or medical conditions. These technologies are intended to improve the quality of healthcare deliveredRead MoreThe Advancements Of Medical Technology1126 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology has been changing the modern world in drastic ways, those of which have affected many industries. Communication, banking, music, the writing world, cars, and security are all examples of industries that rely heavily on technology in one form or another. One of the most important roles technology plays is in the medical field. For instance, the develop ment of medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, body imaging, and much more have made remarkable impacts on improving the health of countlessRead MoreAdvancements Of Medical And Technology Innovations Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesMedical and technology innovations have together produced radical service delivery advancements. Despite monumental improvements, society is only experiencing the beginning phase of this process. Duly, while today is a time of growth, it is also a time of the associated growing pains. As a result, the medical field currently faces four prominent challenges; service integration, service quality, Internet connected medical device security and publicly sustainable pharmaceutical pricing. While theseRead MoreIn The 21St Century, The Advancement In Medical Technology1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 21st century, the advancement in medical technology has allowed DNA testing and counseling to become accessible to the general public. With the rise in population gen etic curiosity of ancestral DNA markers, the tests have also been available to discover probability for diseases that have been inherited or in the genetic code through DNA mutations. According to a study in 2010, DNA screening for breast cancer is one of the most widely tested for the disease in the U.S. (Gail and Mai, 2010:666)Read MoreEffects of Technological Advancements on Health976 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology: Effects of Technological Advancements on Health â€Å"Estimated 7–10 billion medical tests are performed each year. Test results play a critical role in health assessment, influencing the majority of medical decisions.† (Hyattsville 2) Ever since the 1800s, scientists have been able to look and study different diseases to find ways to cure people. Scientists create new technological advancements to fight these diseases. Ever since then the race to create technological advancements startedRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Medical Field1206 Words   |  5 PagesTechnological advancements in healthcare are moving at a very fast pace in the world today. There are no signs that in the future, it will slow down. The impact of technology on the medical field is immense. Computers have provided technological advancement in many fields but in the field of medicine, in the last decade, advancements have had an enormous impact. Innovative technologies assist healthcare professionals to diagnose, treat and care for patients. For example, information is readilyRead MoreTechnology Advancements895 Words   |  4 Pagesstones and rocks to butcher dead animals, to date, this was the first known use of technology on ear th. Since that time, both we human beings and our technology have evolved. Over the course of history, technology has evolved from stone flakes to a world of space travel and super-computers. The increased availability to information could lead to the development to several necessary and desired advancements in technology over the next ten years that could affect El Arco and the world as well. Read MoreThe Importance Of Technology700 Words   |  3 Pages Technology Essay An average household today has at least five devices that have an internet connection, and around six percent of households have as much as fifteen devices. Nowadays, the use of technology in homes makes previously daunting tasks such as researching for a project, connecting with far- away family, and sharing information with friends more simple than in the technology- free past. How would the difficulty level of these tasks increase without the advancement of technology? For aRead Moretechnology has advanced ultrasound1186 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Austin Smith Technology has advanced Ultrasound Waukesha County Technical College 12/3/13 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 4 3d/4D imaging†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 4 Pure Wave Transducer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 5 Color Doppler†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 6 Point-of-Care†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 7 Reference page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 8 Abstract Read MoreThe Impact Of Medical Technology On Healthcare878 Words   |  4 PagesMedical technology encompasses a wide range of healthcare products and is used to diagnose, monitor, and treat diseases or medical conditions that affect humans. This may included but not limited too, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and medical equipment. Such technologies are intended to improve the quality of healthcare delivered through earlier diagnosis, less invasive treatment options and reductions in hospital stays and rehabilitation times. Recent advances in medical technology have also focused

Technology And The Social Construction Of A Younger...

Globilisation is a continually growing and increasing factor in our everyday lives. As technology improves, the ability for people to communicate increases. The transfer of ideas, information and the sharing of cultures becomes exceedingly simple. As technology improves the people using that technology have access to a much wider experience of the world than previously would have been possible. In this way as each generation grows up in a globalised world, the factors that influence their social queues, their ability to choose peers, and what is accessible in popular culture, vastly changes the dynamic that a younger generation would have in comparison to the generation that came before them. Globilisation is an extremely important factor in the social construction of a younger generations culture. The second half of the twentieth century has been a period of massive human migration, both locally and internationally. This period also saw a huge increase in the transfer of information and ideas between different countries through various forms of communication, the most predominant in recent periods being the internet. (Kaufman, 2002, 13) Migrations, and the transfers of new ideas and information, can bring many different opportunities for the many different generations of family members. It is common for older family members to find adjustment to a new cultures challenging, however, younger family members can experience it more readily and in a number of different ways.Show MoreRelatedTeenagers Intertwined with Technology and Social Media Essay581 Words   |  3 Pages Technology has been involved in people’s lives forever, especially in the Millennial Generation. This generation consists of individuals born between the years of 1982-2004. The articles â€Å"The Flight From Conversation,† â€Å"Teens and Technology 2013,† and â€Å"Leading The Charge For Change† deals with teens interacting with technology today.Each article has different topics, but they connect through the over dependence of teens to technology. The Millennial Generation becomes less and less in touch withRead MoreSociocultural Theory And The Cultural Construction1486 Words   |  6 PagesSociocultural theory, education is a process of social integration of the individual, which it means that during this process the individuals receiving and accepting the norm of society which is part of the cultural construction, according to Lev Vygotsky. As sociocultural theory is a theory that human learning and cognitive development is a social process possibly by social interaction with culture and society. It has been highlighted in the news article â€Å"China’s WW2 Remembrance: ‘Patriotic Education’Read MoreWhat Has Westernisation Influenced Perceptions Of Motherhood Within Latin American Society?974 Words   |  4 Pagessocially constructed norms and what are the means of the construction of the maternal figure? Motherhood as a social construct in general: Since the beginning of time, motherhood has been seen as synonymous with womanhood and the female experience. The female body has set out women’s role as one of child-rearing and constricted them to a biologically defined role. It is only recently that researchers have explored the notion that motherhood is a social construct and varies according to various agentsRead MoreThe Aging Labor Force Affects Human Resources887 Words   |  4 Pageshome. This allows older generations to mentor younger generations with work ethics and other aspects of the business. While this also gives the younger generations to mentor older generations with the latest technology and new ways of thinking. Human Resource management might run into different issues with the different generations such as the silent generation values job security and income. Baby Boomers value job opportunities and time management. on the other hand, Generation X is self-manag ed andRead MoreLiking Os for Cowards. Go for What Hurts794 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay is about the contrast between peoples love for technology and real life. A very new and common expression is called â€Å"Like†. This originates from the social website, Facebook. This is mentioned as †commercial subculture’s substitute for liking something. †. Our parent’s generation has expressed popular terms. It is understandable, as we are entering a modern age, where everyone wants a little taste of this new world of technology we are entering. They are representing our era and the obsessionRead MoreThe Aging Labor Force Affects Human Resources1151 Words   |  5 Pageshome. This allows older generations to mentor younger generations with work ethics and other aspects of the business. While this also gives the younger generations to mentor older generations with the latest technology and new ways of thinking. Human Resource management might run into di fferent issues with the different generations such as the silent generation values job security and income. Baby Boomers value job opportunities and time management. on the other hand, Generation X is self-managed andRead MoreEssay on Special Effects: Simulation in Cinema by Temengua Trifonova1084 Words   |  5 Pagesthat, in a world where pluralism, an ability to engage in any culture, is more widely practiced than ever before thanks to technology, mainstream media has become so limited. Such limited depictions of contemporary culture reduce humanity’s ability to identify the constructed nature of their reality and to imagine possibilities outside of this system. Advancements in technology have made it possible for astonishing inventions such as nearly limitless access to information via the internet, improvementsRead MoreComputer Mediated Discourse By Jannis Androutsopoulos1472 Words   |  6 PagesThis generation has experienced significant advancement in the technological world. It is a platform of which communication has become more efficient, specifically through text messaging. As technology and efficiency have advanced, so have the language ideologies surrounding them. Adult speakers of the English language have formed the ideology that text messaging are ruining the language. Texting and instant messaging are not directly influencing literacy, in fact, they introduce a new kind of literacyRead More Technologys Effect on Families and Society in General Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesis accelerating. The growth of technology seems like a big help. But does it really benefit our every day life? And how does it influence today’s American family life? Ironically, technology exists to help and relieve us from time-consuming tasks, but since technology is growing so rapidly, we have to adjust to a new accelerating lifestyle. Indeed, for the last thirty years technology has been developing swiftly. And it didn’t take very long for several technology devices to enter the AmericanRead MoreThe World s First Short Message Service1660 Words   |  7 Pages 1992, the world s first short message service, or SMS, was sent. Neil Papworth, a 22-year-old communications engineer from the United Kingdom sent the simple message â€Å"Merry Christmas,† to a friend via PC (Gayomali, 2012). Like almost all new technologies, the initial reception of the SMS was slow. In 1995, two years after Nokia released the first-ever texting phone, the average American user sent just 0.4 texts per month (Gayomali and Erickson, 2012). Almost 22 years later, six billion SMS messages